A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Diabetic ketoacidosis an overview sciencedirect topics. Type 1 type 2 gestational diabetes prediabetes type 1 diabetes. It can happen when your blood sugar is too high for too long. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka management algorithm adult. Since the approval of sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 sglt2 inhibitors by the us food and drug administration for type 2 diabetes, there have been several reports of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in patients using this class of medication. A consensus statement from the international society for pediatric and adolescent diabetes. In the past, diabetic ketoacidosis was considered as the hallmark of type i diabetes, but current data show that it can be also diagnosed in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus. Insulin normally plays a key role in helping sugar glucose a major source of energy for your muscles and other tissues enter your. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka in patients with type 1 diabetes is a medical emergency that may present with neurologic signs and symptoms. The authors propose a regimen for managing diabetic ketoacidosis in adults based on available evidence and their experince in the emergency department. Sglt2 inhibitors may predispose to ketoacidosis the journal. The clinical presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy dkp is similar to that observed in nonpregnant women, although reports suggest the presenting blood glucose level may not be as high. It can also occur in patients with other types of diabetes.
Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic osmolar state and hypoglycaemia are serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Rating is available when the video has been rented. Complications of diabetes mellitus ppt diabetestalk. The occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy compromises both the fetus and the mother. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka and the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state hhs are the two most serious acute metabolic complications of diabetes. Oct 28, 2015 diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a common, serious, and preventable complication of type 1 diabetes, with a mortality of 35%. Diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents ncbi. Free download diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation slides. Argy resident february, 2007 diabetic ketoacidosis dka a state of absolute or relative insulin deficiency aggravated. It happens predominantly in those with type 1 diabetes, but it can occur in those with type 2 diabetes under certain circumstances. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Risk factors for dka in patients with known diabetes include omission of insulin for various reasons, limited access to medical services, and unrecognized interruption of insulin delivery in patients using an insulin pump. Dka is commonly associated with type 1 but type 2 diabetics are also susceptible. Physical activity researchers found being physically active before and after their pregnancy reduced their risk of gdm by about 70% or more diet a study showed that each 10 gram increase in fiber a day reduced their risk of gdm by 26% u.
Table 1 outlines the diagnostic criteria for dka and hhs. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka may be a complication existing type 1 diabetes mellitus or be the first. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka, a serious and potentially lifethreatening acute complication of diabetes mellitus dm, is characterized by ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia. Nauseavomiting thirst polyuria abdominal pain shortness of breath physical findings. Diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms and causes mayo clinic. On examination, general findings of dka may include the.
Diabetic ketoacidosis dka powerpoint slides myprivatetutor. Euglycemic dka edka, however, presents with a plasma glucose of ketoacidosis. Prolonged ketosis in a patient with euglycemic diabetic. Reem sallam, md, msc, phd clinical chemistry unit, pathology dept. Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy postgraduate medical journal. Conclusions some children with diabetes remain at high risk for ketoacidosis and severe. Diabetic ketoacidosis american academy of pediatrics. Diabetic mellitus diabetes mellitus, known widely as diabetes, is a chronic disease, identified by high blood sugar levels over a perpetual time period.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by dapagliflozin. Dka is responsible for more than 500,000 hospital days per year 1,2 at an estimated annual direct medical expense and indirect cost of 2. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is considered to be a common presentation of both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a buildup of acids in your blood. Mar 30, 2018 ppt pathology and complications of diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation free to download id. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is considered to be a common presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus t1dm and occasionally, type 2 diabetes. Emergency management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults. Diabetes insulin transition iv to subcutaneous adult supplemental 5254. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is not a rare presentation to hospital, despite being an entirely preventable condition. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. Mar 31, 2017 guidelines and position statements from medical organisations are widely used by clinicians to guide the care of their patients. Apr 01, 2018 diabetic ketoacidosis dka a state of absolute or relative insulin deficiency aggravated by ensuing hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosisproducing derangements in intermediary metabolism, including production of serum acetone.
Diabetic ketoacidosis dka, by contrast, is an acute complication of diabetes which evolves over a period of less than 24 hours and results directly from insulin deficiency. Here, guillermo umpierrez and mary korytkowski discuss the clinical. Dka onset and recurrence can largely be prevented through patient education. Aug 01, 2019 diabetic ketoacidosis dka occurs when there is a relative or absolute decrease in circulating insulin levels in relation to an increase in counterregulatory hormone levels. This article outlines updates in the clinical management of. It could be lifethreatening, but it usually takes many hours to. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state wolfsdorf ji, allgrove j, craig me, edge j, glaser n, jain v, lee wwr, mungai lnw, rosenbloom al, sperling ma, hanas r. Indications like uncontrolled urination, increased appetite, and excessive thirst, mark as symptoms of diabetes. It usually occurs in the later stages of pregnancy and is also seen in newly presenting type 1 diabetes patients. Causes the most common scenarios for diabetic ketoacidosis are underlying or concomitant infection 40% uti is the most common.
Diabetic ketoacidosis diabetes mellitus clinical medicine. Also known as juvenile diabetes usually diagnosed in children and young adults when bodys own immune system destroys the insulin producing cells of the pancreas beta cells which produce insulin only 5% of people have this disease body does not produce. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis ppt download slideplayer. Despite improvement in its incidence rates and outcomes over the years, it still remains a major clinical problem since it tends to occur at lower blood glucose levels and more rapidly. Free diabetes ppt slides help spread awareness regarding type ii diabetes. Download diabetes hypoglycemia and other similar templates with a simple design, and run them using microsoft powerpoint. Dec 04, 2018 diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes, though its sometimes seen in people with type 2 diabetes. Nauseavomiting thirstpolyuria abdominal pain shortness of breath physical findings. The condition develops when your body cant produce enough insulin.
Diabetic ketoacidosis dka may be a complication existing type 1 diabetes mellitus or be the first presentation, accounting for around 6% of cases. Ppt diabetic ketoacidosis dka powerpoint presentation, free. Ppt diabetic ketoacidosis powerpoint presentation free. The 2009 american diabetes association ada position statement on hyperglycaemic emergencies in adult patients with diabetes details the management of diabetic ketoacidosis dka and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia state. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is an emergency for people with diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis. Overlap the insulin drip with the sq insulin by 2 or more hours. Dka physical findings can be the first dehydrationhypotension presentation. View diabetic ketoacidosis ppts online, safely and virusfree. Updates in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis the. The following recommendations are based on currently avail. Nurse practitioners are well positioned to promote patient education, selfmanagement, and individualized patient care. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka pathophysiology, animation.
Aace is a professional community of physicians specializing in endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes. Risk factors for dka include younger age, poor glycaemic control, lower socioeconomic status and depressionpsychiatric illness. The changing presentations of diabetic ketoacidosis during. Pdf management of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy. Ppt diabetic ketoacidosis powerpoint presentation free to. In response to this imbalance, normal physiologic mechanisms are exaggerated, resulting in hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality, ketosis, and acidosis.
Diabetic ketoacidosis ppt presentation free download. Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the potentially lifethreatening acute complications of diabetes mellitus. Introduction hhs and dka are not mutually exclusive but rather two conditions that both result from some degree of insulin deficiency. Set an alarm if you take it at the same time every day, or download a. Unrecognized symptoms of newonset diabetes mellitus. Practice guidelines resources american diabetes association. Introduction diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a potentially life threatening complication in people with diabetes mellitus.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes, though its sometimes seen in people with type 2 diabetes. When blood sugar levels are too high and insulin levels are too low. Ppt pathology and complications of diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation free to download id. Case report diabetic ketoacidosis case report diabetic ketoacidosis 20121120. Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by a serum glucose level greater than 250 mg per dl, a ph less than 7. Guidelines for management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Were committed to enhancing our members knowledge, education, and practice management skills so they can focus on providing the highest quality of patient care. The 2020 standards of medical care in diabetes includes all of adas current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payers, and others with the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. The biochemical criteria for the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis dka are. Here, guillermo umpierrez and mary korytkowski discuss the.
A recent survey revealed that 9 % of type 1 diabetics suffered an episode of dka at least once during the previous 12 months. Diabetic ketoacidosis one of the hyperglycemic crises, dka, pathophysiology, causes, clinical presentation signs and symptoms and. Diabetic ketoacidosis, dka, is an acute and potentially lifethreatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Metabolic encephalopathy secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis. In addition to timely identification of the precipitating cause, the first step in acute management of these disorders includes aggressive administration of intravenous fluids with appropriate replacement of electrolytes primarily potassium. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a frequent complication of type 1 diabetes, with the uk national diabetes audit quoting a crude incidence rate of 3. Diabetic ketoacidosis diabetes type i management summary. Powerpoint slide on diabetic ketoacidosis dka compiled by alairic reuben. Can occur in both type i diabetes and type ii diabetes in type ii diabetics with insulin. These are aimed at teaching kids about preventive procedures, so they can identify the cause and symptoms of diabetes through free ppt slides. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka is a potentially lifethreatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic ketoacidosis dka pathophysiology, animation youtube. The definition of dka according to american diabetes association is shown in the following. Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep.
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